
Young people who engage in excessive levels of impulsiveness, such as acting without thinking during their teen years, later struggle with addictions or other problem behaviours as young adults.

Children who struggle with weak cognitive control at an early age are at most risk for trouble in adulthood following their engagement in risk-taking activities in adolescence, according to new research.
The study, published online last month in the Journal of Youth and Adolescence, found that only a subset of children who engage in excessive levels of impulsiveness, such as acting without thinking during their teen years, later struggle with addictions or other problem
“People have heard so much about the teenage brain being all gas and no brakes, stemming from an imbalance between the reward and control regions of the brain,” said lead author Atika Khurana of the University of Oregon. “This study shows that this is not true. There is an imbalance for some youth, but it is not universal.”
The findings challenge the traditional thinking that adolescence is a time of universal imbalance, with kids lacking cognitive control and taking risks to reap instant rewards, said Khurana, associate professor and director of prevention science graduate programs and member of the UO’s Prevention Science Institute.
“Previous studies
Khurana and colleagues analyzed six waves of data collected from 387 adolescents, ages 11 to 18, in the Philadelphia area. They looked at changes in sensation-seeking and impulsivity during
Cognitive control is the ability to exert top-down control over
Only adolescents identified at the beginning of the study with weaknesses in cognitive control were at risk for impulsive action that put them at higher risk for substance abuse, the researchers concluded. While sensation-seeking rose in adolescence, it was not associated with weakness in cognitive control or later substance abuse.
The study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, supported predictions of the Lifespan Wisdom Model developed by study co-author Daniel Romer of the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg Public Policy Center.
It also continued to support a series of published findings that have emerged from Khurana’s work with the same data, which began while she was a postdoctoral fellow at the Annenberg Public Policy Center.
In 2012, her group reported a positive association of working memory with sensation-seeking and a negative association with impulsivity. While children with sensation seeking engaged in exploratory forms of risk-taking, they were not getting stuck in unhealthy patterns of risk-taking.
Subsequently, the group has shown that weak working memory in combination with impulsivity can be used to predict trajectories of early alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour in adolescents
“Our research focuses on preventing maladaptive outcomes,” Khurana said. “We are finding that those who have early weakness in cognitive control will have increasing problems in behavioural regulation as sensation-seeking peaks during adolescence. Those without this weakness will still seek out thrilling and rewarding behaviours during the adolescent years, associated with the rise in dopamine, but they are less likely to engage in maladaptive
The research speaks to the need for greater emphasis on early interventions that can strengthen cognitive control, she said.
“Executive functions develop rapidly between the ages of 2-5, but there is a second window of opportunity to intervene during adolescence
Adolescents need to engage in exploratory behavior, she added. That is how they learn and how the brain prunes synapses that are not needed, and strengthens the connections that are relevant, she said.
###
Study co-authors with Khurana and Romer were Laura M. Betancourt and Hallam Hurt, both of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.
more recommended stories
Autism, ADHD and school absence are risk factors for self-harm
Research links school and hospital data..
Insufficient menstrual cycle education provided in UK schools
A UK-wide study led by Swansea.
Trainee teachers made sharper assessments about learning difficulties after receiving feedback from AI
A trial in which trainee teachers.
Sport improves concentration and quality of life
Study with primary school pupils confirms.
Sexual harassment is reported to be common in Scottish secondary schools
Visual, verbal and personally invasive harassment.
Study finds that US classrooms with more Black and Latinx students receive lower quality of teaching
Results are outlined in article “Teaching.
Self-awareness is key to helping kids cope with back-to-school stress
Tips for parents and teachers
Excess screen time impacting teen mental health
Research from The University of Queensland,.
Adolescents’ well-being and learning during COVID-19 linked to psychological needs
Multi-country analysis highlights importance of experiencing.
Nature draws out a happy place for children
New study explores children's perception of.
Leave a Comment